Corporate Pension Funding Weakened in 2014

The financial health of private pension plans weakened in 2014, with funded ratios falling to levels resembling post-recession lows.

A year-end analysis from Towers Watson finds the aggregate pension funded status for Fortune 1000 companies fell to about 80% at the end of 2014, down 9% from a year earlier to give back much of the gains from 2013.

This represents a significant setback for pensions at the nation’s largest corporate employers, with a weakened funded status developing despite a year of relatively solid market gains. Towers Watson points to falling interest rates and the impact of new mortality tables as primary drivers of a lower pension funded status for 2014—two themes discussed often by the retirement planning industry during the year. The good news of added longevity aside, sponsors of large defined benefit (DB) plans have had to adopt revised longevity numbers from the Society of Actuaries (SOA), which caused substantially increased liabilities and lowered funded status for the typical U.S. pension plan.

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“For most plan sponsors, the discussion around the Society of Actuaries’ new study on the mortality of pension plan participants was the most significant pension event of the year,” notes Dave Suchsland, a senior retirement consultant at Towers Watson. “The study drew the attention of plan sponsors and auditors, resulting in many plan sponsors updating that key assumption.”

The Towers Watson analysis examined pension plan data for the 411 Fortune 1000 companies that sponsor U.S. tax-qualified pension plans and have a December fiscal-year-end date. Results indicate that the aggregate pension funded status is estimated to be 80% at the end of 2014, a decline from 89% at the end of 2013. Researchers also found that the pension deficit increased to $343 billion at the end of 2014, more than twice the deficit at the end of 2013.

“Despite a rising stock market in 2014, funding levels for employer-sponsored pension plans dropped back to what we experienced just after the financial crisis,” notes Alan Glickstein, a senior retirement consultant at Towers Watson. “A one-time strengthening of mortality assumptions alone is responsible for about 40% of the increased deficit.”

Glickstein says the analysis also found that plan sponsors that used liability-driven investing (LDI) strategies in 2014 had better results, as the declining discount rates were matched with very strong returns for long corporate and Treasury bonds. Overall, pension plan assets in the sample group increased by an estimated 3% in 2014, reflecting an underlying investment return of about 9%.

The analysis suggests investment returns varied significantly by asset class. Large-cap U.S. equities were up roughly 14%, while international equities declined by nearly 5%. The Towers Watson analysis estimates that companies contributed $30 billion to their pension plans in 2014—29% less than in 2013 and the lowest level of contributions since 2008. Contributions have declined steadily in recent years, Towers Watson says, partly due to legislated funding relief provided under the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21).

“We experienced another big year of pension de-risking in 2014, with significant lump-sum buyout and annuity purchase activity,” Suchsland says. “Given the change in funded status, we expect many plan sponsors will need to re-evaluate their retirement plan strategies in 2015. This year will most likely bring higher expense charges and, unless there is an uptick in interest rates or equity market performance, eventually additional contribution requirements.”

The full year-end 2014 results will not be publicly available until the spring, Towers Watson says.

Time to Focus on Gen X Retirement Readiness

The oldest members of Generation X are turning 50 in 2015.

Few financial services companies acknowledge Generation X’s (born between 1965 and 1980) most troubling financial planning concerns, according to a study from Weber Shandwick, a communications strategist for financial services companies.

Weber Shandwick observed that often when financial services firms do segment investors and retirement plan participants by generation, they tend to focus on Millennials and Baby Boomers, but not on Gen X, making it an important opportunity for the industry. “They don’t have the numbers and the wealth compared with Boomers and even Millennials,” says Brooke Worden, senior vice president of financial services at Weber Shandwick.

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One significance of age 50, she tells PLANSPONSOR, is that people become eligible for membership in AARP, which caught Worden, herself a member of Gen X, by surprise. “It will probably catch a lot of others by surprise,” Worden says. “Retirement is not as far off as we think.” The point of the study is to shine a spotlight on the immediacy of retirement for Gen X.

The study, “Leveraging the Gen X Retirement Market: From Overlooked to Opportunity,” found that Gen X is an engaged group of workers and investors who are doing many things well. But, Worden emphasizes, there is a significant problem that plan sponsors and advisers can help with: “They don’t feel prepared,” she says. “They have significant anxiety around their level of preparedness. They are pretty financially savvy, but they have a high level of anxiety about whether it will be enough.”

Their anxiety is driven higher by the need to account for long-term health care costs in retirement. “I would characterize it as a generational blind spot,” Worden says. This generation is trying to take care of their current health, paying attention to exercise regimes, and the need for a healthy diet and adequate sleep, but all these present a challenge because Gen Xers are so pressed for time.

Between work, children, and possibly caring for aging parents, it is hard for them to find the time to take care of themselves physically. But the desire is there, she says. “They want to prevent catastrophic health care events.” The subject causes much more anxiety than other parts of preparing for retirement.

Worden adds that in addition to trying to save for retirement, Gen X may also be trying to save for children’s college expenses. 

 

Helping Gen X Focus on Retirement Planning

Retirement plan sponsors should try to make saving for retirement as easy as possible for Gen X. “I think simplicity is key for this generation, because they are so time pressed,” Worden says. Automatic features in a plan, such as auto-enrollment and auto-escalation, are important. And the addition of advice through plan design is also important to help them take control of their financial lives.

Auto features mean one less thing for plan participants to do. “It adds to the simplicity to be able to set it and forget it,” Worden points out. She says she does not like the word “forget,” but that being able to automate positive behaviors and adding advice components so that Gen Xers can continue to monitor plan performance is an effective combination.

“Gen X members like scenarios and projections,” Worden notes, especially when the examples provide relatable images. “That is an effective way to build trust—it reinforces that the plan sponsor is speaking to them as a Gen Xer.”

Any images that may resonate with a Boomer audience—an older couple strolling on the beach, or a picture of a lighthouse—are unlikely to be relevant, Worden says. “It’s attractive, but I don’t relate to it as a Gen Xer. It doesn’t seem realistic. That’s not me. That’s not my generation.”

In part because Gen Xers are still solidly engaged in raising families and possibly sandwiched between the financial demands of other generations, she feels the image of a multi-generational family could resonate in communications and targeted messages. “Maybe a family sitting around a kitchen table, or a family in a car,” Worden says, “a multi-generational family, with members of Gen X relating to older parents and children at the same time.”

Plan sponsors and advisers should aim for accessible communication. Simplicity and authenticity are not enough. The messaging should be accessible in a variety of channels, Worden says: “Digital, mobile apps and devices,” she says. “I think that is very important to Gen X. Some may prefer more traditional, in-person session at the worksite, but others may not.”

Worden feels the industry faces a challenge in responding and communicating with these new participants in ways that it hasn’t previously. “They may be too time-pressed to participate,” she says. “They want something served up when it is convenient for them; like a YouTube video they watch at night when the kids are in bed, or some kind of on-demand education they can access over a weekend.”

As well as leveraging technology to the fullest extent, she says that another component is looking at participant segments with a fresh eye. “The world has changed,” she says. “The industry is not speaking to Gen X in a unique, distinct way, but this means plan sponsors have an opportunity to build trust with them. They are very hungry and open to being reached—they know it’s important and they are a sizable wealth segment they lack confidence; they want help they are very receptive. But it has to be relevant.”

“Leveraging the Gen X Retirement Market: From Overlooked to Opportunity” is here.

 

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