Major Savings Barriers Include Benefits Language, Financial Stress

Unclear communication from plan sponsors too often gets in the way of participants fully understanding the benefits available to them. 

While many workers feel positive about the benefits offered to them in the workplace—from medical insurance to retirement savings—a majority of employers face challenges educating participants about their benefits, according to a recent report. 

A two-thirds majority of employers (68%) said workers underutilize the services, benefits and programs available to them, according to The Hartford Financial Services Group Inc.’s 2023 “Future of Benefits Report,” which surveyed 500 employers and 1,100 U.S. workers. 

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In the report, The Hartford argued that there is a distinct need for better benefits education and resources to support workers’ overall wellness.  

Communications Barrier 

Even though 92% of employers surveyed said it is important to help employees realize that benefits offered are applicable to them, younger workers often feel that certain benefits offered are not meant for them. For instance, 62% of Generation Z respondents said they felt long-term disability insurance was not meant for them. 

In addition, 57% of employers said educating workers about benefits is a challenge. That number, however, is down from 76% of employers in 2022, which the report attributed partly to challenges communicating with employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.  

The report also found that many employees feel the complex wording used to describe benefits is a barrier to employees fully understanding what is available to them. For example, 38% of workers said the names and descriptions of employee benefits are confusing, and 61% of employers agreed that the names and descriptions used to identify employee benefits can be confusing to workers. 

In the same vein, 49% of employers said they believe their employees do not understand the supplemental benefits offered by the company and what those benefits cover. Supplemental benefits are additional insurance plans offered by the employer, such as short-term disability insurance or accident insurance.  

Some 42% of surveyed workers expressed support for improved resources to help them understand their benefits, and The Hartford report recommended that plan sponsors use storytelling techniques to demonstrate how specific benefits are relevant to an employee’s unique lifestyle. In addition, the report encourages workers to re-evaluate their benefit options each year, as changes in their life circumstances may alter what benefits they need.  

Megan Yost, a senior vice president and engagement strategist at San Francisco-based HR and benefits communication firm Segal Benz, previously told PLANSPONSOR that one of the best ways for plan sponsors to build trust with employees is to “be direct and communicate frequently.” In the absence of communication, Yost said participants sometimes create their own stories about what might be happening in the organization. 

Financial Stress and Mental Health 

Workers consumed by their own financial stress may also require more education from plan sponsors on how to better plan for retirement, manage debt and establish a savings plan. 

In The Hartford’s survey, 23% of workers said they feel very stressed when thinking about their household finances, and 16% said they feel extremely stressed. The latter had the highest rate among Millennials (38%), compared to Generation X (31%), Baby Boomers (29%) and Generation Z (28%), in this survey.  

Additionally, 30% of all workers said financial health always or almost always affects their productivity at work. 

Other evidence of the impact stress has on work came in a survey released Tuesday by Financial Finesse, a provider of workplace financial wellness coaching programs. “Workplace Financial Wellness in America found that the number of employees reporting unmanageable financial stress climbed 34% in 2022, fueled by workers’ concerns about both the U.S. economy and their ability to maintain control over their financial situations.  

The report was based on responses from 34,168 employees who interacted with Aimee, Financial Finesse’s artificial intelligence-powered virtual financial coach, between April 1, 2021 and December 31, 2022. 

Single parents reported experiencing unmanageable financial stress most frequently (57%), followed by single adults with no children (28%) and married parents (23%).  

However, employees who engaged with any kind of financial coaching had a higher rate of accomplishing certain goals, according to Financial Finesse. For example, 89% of employees who adjusted their spending to save more for retirement are now saving enough to receive their employers’ full retirement match.  

In terms of financial education, a majority of workers (57%) in The Hartford’s survey said they would most welcome education on retirement planning. More than one-third of workers also said they were most likely to look for financial advice resources from their employers when planning for retirement.  

The Hartford also advised plan sponsors to educate workers about how certain employee benefits can help protect employees’ paychecks when they are faced with an unexpected illness or any sort of emergency. 

“Demonstrate to your workforce that you care about their overall wellness and foster a work environment in which workers feel comfortable seeking help when needed,” the report stated.  

The Hartford’s study was conducted between February 14 and February 28. The survey was completed by HR professionals who manage/decide employee benefits at the employers’ firms, and the workers surveyed were actively employed. 

Finance, Health Care Workers Are Top Retirement Contributors

Workers employed in finance and health care industries were responsible for contributing the bulk of defined contribution retirement plan assets under management.

In the $8.5 trillion defined contribution plan retirement market in the U.S., workers from service sectors such as finance and health care accounted for about two-thirds ($5.7 trillion) of assets under management, while those from goods sectors accounted for almost all of the remaining one-third ($2.8 trillion), according to 2021 data. The report was produced by ISS Market Intelligence, which, like PLANSPONSOR, is owned by Institutional Shareholder Services Inc.

The total contributions by the burgeoning service sectors have doubled in the past decade, up from $2.2 trillion in 2011. Service sectors’ market share has increased to 67% of assets in DC plans from 63%, reflecting the shift toward service-focused industries in the U.S., as well as the importance of the sectors in contributing to the massive pool of private workplace retirement plans in the U.S.

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“Certain prestigious and well-paid jobs are strongly reflected in the service sectors, which certainly helps boost flows and balances,” said Alan Hess, associate vice president and head of U.S. Fund Research for ISS Market Intelligence, in an emailed response. “Sectors like finance, information and health care were among the highest-ranked industries for assets per participant. Sectors where employees have higher take-home pay will also have higher balances, as those employees can dedicate more of their income to retirement savings.”

Through the 20th century, service jobs, including those in education, finance and health care, accounted for a solid majority of employed American workers, and that share has grown further in the new millennium, according to ISS researchers. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, as of the end of 2021, services made up 83.7% of private nonfarm employment (Link). Over the past 10 years, AUM from the service industry counted for a compound annual growth rate in assets of 10%.

Hess also noted that, even with the advantages service sectors have in their share of employment and “prestigious industries,” the pullback due to market downturns in 2020 and 2021 were “strong enough that services were dragged down into experiencing negative flows.”

In 2020 and 2021, net flows into DC plans fell by about $70 billion in service sectors, according to the researchers.

Goods Producers

The other significant sector for DC plan deferrals is the goods-producing sector, despite being a relative minority in terms of employment, according to ISS MI’s research. Goods producers in manufacturing, construction and gas extraction represented 23% of active participants in DC plans at the end of 2021 but made up 32% of industry assets over the same period. Asset growth in goods-producing industry DC plans trailed those in service industries over the last 10 years but still experienced an increase of 8.2%.

“That service sector employees lead DC plan contributions is to be expected, considering that services account for over 80% of private employment,” Hess said. “What I found more surprising was how manufacturing sectors can still account for such a large portion of assets and can do so with a smaller relative population, especially considering how often the role of manufacturing in American can come up in debates around political economy in the U.S.”

Among goods-producing industries, manufacturing made up the bulk of DC activity, accounting for 27% of DC assets at the end of 2021.

Manufacturers consisted of 10% private nonfarm employees, indicating a shift toward DC plans among manufacturing participants. The industry had once seen significant defined benefit adoption, as private unionization led to employers providing private pension plans. ISS Market Intelligence reported that leading manufacturers, taking advantage of their long history, have gathered participants across generations and transitioned many to DC investments as DB plans have been frozen or dropped.

From Farm to Retail

The ISS Market Intelligence research showed farming jobs made up $35 trillion in AUM as of 2021, and the government sector rounded out the list at $3 trillion in AUM, both less than 1% of the total market. Unlike goods and services sectors, these remained flat in 2021 asset flow, instead of facing negative net flows.

When drilling down to the participant level, those in finance and insurance had the highest average assets per participant at $178,000. Those workers were followed by manufacturing employees, with $174,000 in average assets, and those in the information sector, with $173,000 average participant savings.

The bottom two in terms of average participants’ assets were health care and social assistance, with average assets of $77,000, followed by retail workers, with an average balance of $41,000 in DC savings.

The findings from ISS Market Intelligence were released in the latest edition of its Windows into Defined Contribution” series. The Q1 2023 edition investigated the DC market by sector, examining the divide between services and goods industries throughout the last decade.

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